Atmospheric hyperspectral detection technology plays a critical role in environmental monitoring, weather forecasting, and climate change research, and has attracted widespread attention globally in recent years. To address the limitations of existing atmospheric sounding instruments—such as limited resolution, narrow spectral range, and moderate stability—this study aims to achieve high-precision acquisition of atmospheric spectral data. Utilizing the mechatronic coupling method to achieve sky detection through a single channel, excluding direct solar irradiation. The results demonstrate that the independently developed hyperspectral detector achieves a spectral resolution of up to 0.5 nm, allowing precise detection of atmospheric constituents within the 260–1000 nm wavelength range. This provides fundamental data support for studying near-space atmospheric dynamics and constructing accurate atmospheric models. Furthermore, performance tests demonstrated excellent agreement between MODTRAN simulations and actual atmospheric measurements, with the visual comparison confirming a close match that meets all design requirements.

Ground-based atmospheric detector, spectroscopic technology, system design, instrument calibration